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NCTB Aligned74 Formulas

Physics Formulas

পদার্থবিজ্ঞান

Complete NCTB SSC and HSC Physics formula sheet covering kinematics, Newton's laws of motion, work-energy-power, pressure, optics, and current electricity.

Other Subjects:PhysicsChemistryGeneral MathematicsHigher MathematicsInformation & Communication Technology (ICT)Biology

HSC (Paper 1) - Chapter 2: Vectors

3 Formulas
HSCChapter 2 (Paper 1)

Resultant Magnitude

লব্ধির মান • Vectors

R=P2+Q2+2PQcos⁡αR = \sqrt{P^2 + Q^2 + 2PQ\cos\alpha}
R = sqrt(P^2 + Q^2 + 2PQcosα)
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HSCChapter 2 (Paper 1)

Dot Product

স্কেলার গুণন • Vectors

A⃗⋅B⃗=ABcos⁡θ\vec{A} \cdot \vec{B} = AB\cos\theta
A * B = ABcosθ
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HSCChapter 2 (Paper 1)

Cross Product

ভেক্টর গুণন • Vectors

∣A⃗×B⃗∣=ABsin⁡θ|\vec{A} \times \vec{B}| = AB\sin\theta
|A * B| = ABsinθ
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HSC (Paper 1) - Chapter 3: Dynamics & Projectile Motion

3 Formulas
HSCChapter 3 (Paper 1)

Maximum Height

সর্বোচ্চ উচ্চতা • Dynamics & Projectile Motion

H=v02sin⁡2θ2gH = \frac{v_0^2 \sin^2\theta}{2g}
H = (v_0^2 sin^2θ)/(2g)
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HSCChapter 3 (Paper 1)

Time of Flight

বিচরণকাল • Dynamics & Projectile Motion

T=2v0sin⁡θgT = \frac{2v_0 \sin\theta}{g}
T = (2v_0 sinθ)/(g)
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HSCChapter 3 (Paper 1)

Horizontal Range

অনুভূমিক পাল্লা • Dynamics & Projectile Motion

R=v02sin⁡(2θ)gR = \frac{v_0^2 \sin(2\theta)}{g}
R = (v_0^2 sin(2θ))/(g)
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HSC (Paper 1) - Chapter 4: Newtonian Mechanics

2 Formulas
HSCChapter 4 (Paper 1)

Road Banking Angle

ব্যাংকিং কোণ • Newtonian Mechanics

tan⁡θ=v2rg\tan\theta = \frac{v^2}{rg}
tanθ = (v^2)/(rg)
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HSCChapter 4 (Paper 1)

Moment of Inertia

জড়তার ভ্রামক • Newtonian Mechanics

I=∑miri2=MK2I = \sum m_i r_i^2 = M K^2
I = Σ m_i r_i^2 = M K^2
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HSC (Paper 1) - Chapter 8: Periodic Motion

2 Formulas
HSCChapter 8 (Paper 1)

Pendulum Period

দোলনকাল (সরল দোলক) • Periodic Motion

T=2πLgT = 2\pi \sqrt{\frac{L}{g}}
T = 2π sqrt((L)/(g))
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HSCChapter 8 (Paper 1)

Spring Period

দোলনকাল (স্প্রিং) • Periodic Motion

T=2πmkT = 2\pi \sqrt{\frac{m}{k}}
T = 2π sqrt((m)/(k))
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HSC (Paper 1) - Chapter 6: Gravitation & Gravity

5 Formulas
HSCChapter 6 (Paper 1)

Newton's Law of Gravitation

মহাকর্ষীয় বল সূত্র • Gravitation & Gravity

F=Gm1m2r2F = G \frac{m_1 m_2}{r^2}
F = G (m_1 m_2)/(r^2)

💡 Condition: Universal gravitational force between two point masses where G = 6.673 x 10^-11 N m^2 kg^-2.

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HSCChapter 6 (Paper 1)

Gravity at Altitude h

উচ্চতায় অভিকর্ষজ ত্বরণ • Gravitation & Gravity

gh=g(1−2hR)=gR2(R+h)2g_h = g \left(1 - \frac{2h}{R}\right) = g \frac{R^2}{(R+h)^2}
g_h = g (1 - (2h)/(R)) = g (R^2)/((R+h)^2)

💡 Condition: Gravitational acceleration at altitude h above Earth surface.

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HSCChapter 6 (Paper 1)

Gravity at Depth d

গভীরতায় অভিকর্ষজ ত্বরণ • Gravitation & Gravity

gd=g(1−dR)g_d = g \left(1 - \frac{d}{R}\right)
g_d = g (1 - (d)/(R))

💡 Condition: Gravitational acceleration at depth d below Earth surface, reaching 0 at Earth center.

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HSCChapter 6 (Paper 1)

Escape Velocity

মুক্তিবেগ • Gravitation & Gravity

ve=2GMR=2gRv_e = \sqrt{\frac{2GM}{R}} = \sqrt{2gR}
v_e = sqrt((2GM)/(R)) = sqrt(2gR)

💡 Condition: Minimum velocity to escape Earth gravitational pull, approximately 11.2 km/s on Earth.

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HSCChapter 6 (Paper 1)

Satellite Orbital Velocity & Period

কৃত্রিম উপগ্রহের বেগ ও পর্যায়কাল • Gravitation & Gravity

v=GMR+h,T=2π(R+h)3/2GMv = \sqrt{\frac{GM}{R+h}}, \quad T = \frac{2\pi (R+h)^{3/2}}{\sqrt{GM}}
v = sqrt((GM)/(R+h)), T = frac2π (R+h)^3/2sqrt(GM)

💡 Condition: Orbital velocity and orbital time period of a satellite orbiting at altitude h.

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HSC (Paper 1) - Chapter 7: Structural Properties of Matter

4 Formulas
HSCChapter 7 (Paper 1)

Young's Modulus

ইয়ং-এর গুণাঙ্ক • Structural Properties of Matter

Y=F⋅LA⋅l=mgLπr2lY = \frac{F \cdot L}{A \cdot l} = \frac{m g L}{\pi r^2 l}
Y = (F * L)/(A * l) = (m g L)/(π r^2 l)

💡 Condition: Ratio of tensile stress to tensile strain for solid wires undergoing elastic deformation.

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HSCChapter 7 (Paper 1)

Elastic Energy per Unit Volume

একক আয়তনে স্থিতিস্থাপক শক্তি • Structural Properties of Matter

u=12×পীড়ন×বিকৃতি=12Yl2L2u = \frac{1}{2} \times \text{পীড়ন} \times \text{বিকৃতি} = \frac{1}{2} \frac{Y l^2}{L^2}
u = (1)/(2) * পীড়ন * বিকৃতি = (1)/(2) (Y l^2)/(L^2)

💡 Condition: Elastic potential energy stored per unit volume in a deformed wire.

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HSCChapter 7 (Paper 1)

Surface Tension & Capillary Rise

পৃষ্ঠটান ও কৈশিক আরোহণ • Structural Properties of Matter

T=rhρg2cos⁡θT = \frac{r h \rho g}{2 \cos\theta}
T = (r h ρ g)/(2 cosθ)

💡 Condition: Relation between surface tension and capillary rise h with contact angle θ.

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HSCChapter 7 (Paper 1)

Stokes' Law & Terminal Velocity

স্টোকসের সূত্র ও প্রান্তিক বেগ • Structural Properties of Matter

F=6πηrv,vt=2r2(ρ−σ)g9ηF = 6\pi \eta r v, \quad v_t = \frac{2r^2(\rho - \sigma)g}{9\eta}
F = 6π η r v, v_t = (2r^2(ρ - σ)g)/(9η)

💡 Condition: Viscous drag force and constant terminal velocity attained by a sphere falling through fluid.

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HSC (Paper 1) - Chapter 10: Ideal Gas and Kinetic Theory

4 Formulas
HSCChapter 10 (Paper 1)

Ideal Gas Equation

আদর্শ গ্যাস সমীকরণ • Ideal Gas and Kinetic Theory

PV=nRT=wMRT=NkBTPV = nRT = \frac{w}{M}RT = N k_B T
PV = nRT = (w)/(M)RT = N k_B T

💡 Condition: State equation relating pressure, volume, temperature, and moles of ideal gas.

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HSCChapter 10 (Paper 1)

RMS Velocity of Gas Molecules

মূল-গড়-বর্গ (RMS) বেগ • Ideal Gas and Kinetic Theory

crms=3RTM=3Pρ=3kBTmc_{rms} = \sqrt{\frac{3RT}{M}} = \sqrt{\frac{3P}{\rho}} = \sqrt{\frac{3k_B T}{m}}
c_rms = sqrt((3RT)/(M)) = sqrt((3P)/(ρ)) = sqrt((3k_B T)/(m))

💡 Condition: Root-mean-square speed of gas particles as a function of temperature and molar mass.

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HSCChapter 10 (Paper 1)

Total Kinetic Energy of Gas

গ্যাসের মোট গতিশক্তি • Ideal Gas and Kinetic Theory

Ek=32nRT=32NkBTE_k = \frac{3}{2} n R T = \frac{3}{2} N k_B T
E_k = (3)/(2) n R T = (3)/(2) N k_B T

💡 Condition: Total translational kinetic energy for n moles of ideal gas particles.

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HSCChapter 10 (Paper 1)

Relative Humidity

আপেক্ষিক আর্দ্রতা • Ideal Gas and Kinetic Theory

R=fF×100%R = \frac{f}{F} \times 100\%
R = (f)/(F) * 100%

💡 Condition: Percentage ratio of actual vapor pressure f to saturation vapor pressure F.

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HSC (Paper 2) - Chapter 1: Thermodynamics

4 Formulas
HSCChapter 1 (Paper 2)

First Law of Thermodynamics

তাপগতিবিদ্যার প্রথম সূত্র • Thermodynamics

dQ=dU+dW=dU+P dVdQ = dU + dW = dU + P\,dV
dQ = dU + dW = dU + P,dV

💡 Condition: Conservation of energy stating added heat equals increase in internal energy plus work done.

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HSCChapter 1 (Paper 2)

Adiabatic Process Relations

রুদ্ধতাপীয় প্রক্রিয়ার সম্পর্ক • Thermodynamics

PVγ=C,TVγ−1=C,TγP1−γ=CPV^\gamma = C, \quad TV^{\gamma-1} = C, \quad T^\gamma P^{1-\gamma} = C
PV^γ = C, TV^γ-1 = C, T^γ P^1-γ = C

💡 Condition: Equations relating state variables in a reversible adiabatic process.

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HSCChapter 1 (Paper 2)

Carnot Engine Efficiency

কার্নো ইঞ্জিনের কর্মদক্ষতা • Thermodynamics

η=1−T2T1=1−Q2Q1=WQ1×100%\eta = 1 - \frac{T_2}{T_1} = 1 - \frac{Q_2}{Q_1} = \frac{W}{Q_1} \times 100\%
η = 1 - (T_2)/(T_1) = 1 - (Q_2)/(Q_1) = (W)/(Q_1) * 100%

💡 Condition: Maximum theoretical thermal efficiency of a reversible heat engine.

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HSCChapter 1 (Paper 2)

Entropy Change Formula

এন্ট্রপির পরিবর্তন • Thermodynamics

dS=dQT,ΔS=mcln⁡(T2T1)dS = \frac{dQ}{T}, \quad \Delta S = m c \ln\left(\frac{T_2}{T_1}\right)
dS = (dQ)/(T), Δ S = m c ln((T_2)/(T_1))

💡 Condition: Change in thermodynamic entropy during reversible heating or cooling.

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HSC (Paper 2) - Chapter 2: Static Electricity

3 Formulas
HSCChapter 2 (Paper 2)

Coulomb's Law

কুলম্বের সূত্র • Static Electricity

F=14πε0κq1q2r2F = \frac{1}{4\pi\varepsilon_0 \kappa} \frac{q_1 q_2}{r^2}
F = (1)/(4πε0 κ) (q_1 q_2)/(r^2)

💡 Condition: Electrostatic force between two stationary point charges in a medium of dielectric constant κ.

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HSCChapter 2 (Paper 2)

Electric Field & Potential Relation

তড়িৎ প্রাবল্য ও বিভব সম্পর্ক • Static Electricity

E=14πε0qr2,V=14πε0qr,E=−dVdrE = \frac{1}{4\pi\varepsilon_0} \frac{q}{r^2}, \quad V = \frac{1}{4\pi\varepsilon_0}\frac{q}{r}, \quad E = -\frac{dV}{dr}
E = (1)/(4πε0) (q)/(r^2), V = (1)/(4πε0)(q)/(r), E = -(dV)/(dr)

💡 Condition: Electric field intensity, electrostatic potential, and potential gradient relationship.

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HSCChapter 2 (Paper 2)

Capacitor Capacitance & Stored Energy

ধারকের ধারকত্ব ও সঞ্চিত শক্তি • Static Electricity

C=ε0κAd,U=12CV2=12Q2C=12QVC = \frac{\varepsilon_0 \kappa A}{d}, \quad U = \frac{1}{2} C V^2 = \frac{1}{2}\frac{Q^2}{C} = \frac{1}{2}QV
C = (ε0 κ A)/(d), U = (1)/(2) C V^2 = (1)/(2)(Q^2)/(C) = (1)/(2)QV

💡 Condition: Capacitance of parallel-plate capacitor and potential energy stored in electrostatic field.

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HSC (Paper 2) - Chapter 3: Current Electricity

3 Formulas
HSCChapter 3 (Paper 2)

Kirchhoff's Laws (KCL & KVL)

কার্শফের কারেন্ট ও ভোল্টেজ সূত্র • Current Electricity

∑I=0,∑E=∑IR\sum I = 0, \quad \sum E = \sum IR
Σ I = 0, Σ E = Σ IR

💡 Condition: Conservation of charge at junctions (KCL) and conservation of energy in closed loops (KVL).

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HSCChapter 3 (Paper 2)

Wheatstone Bridge Principle

হুইটস্টোন ব্রিজ নীতি • Current Electricity

PQ=RS\frac{P}{Q} = \frac{R}{S}
(P)/(Q) = (R)/(S)

💡 Condition: Balance condition for four resistance arms in a null-deflection Wheatstone bridge.

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HSCChapter 3 (Paper 2)

Shunt Resistance Formula

শান্ট রোধ সমীকরণ • Current Electricity

S=Ig⋅GI−Ig=Gn−1S = \frac{I_g \cdot G}{I - I_g} = \frac{G}{n - 1}
S = (I_g * G)/(I - I_g) = (G)/(n - 1)

💡 Condition: Low parallel resistance needed to extend ammeter or galvanometer current range.

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HSC (Paper 2) - Chapter 7: Physical Optics

3 Formulas
HSCChapter 7 (Paper 2)

Young's Double Slit Fringe Width

ইয়ং-এর দ্বি-চির ব্যতিচার ডোরার প্রস্থ • Physical Optics

Δx=λD2d,yn=nλD2d\Delta x = \frac{\lambda D}{2d}, \quad y_n = \frac{n \lambda D}{2d}
Δ x = (λ D)/(2d), y_n = (n λ D)/(2d)

💡 Condition: Fringe separation and position of nth bright fringe in Youngs two-slit interference.

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HSCChapter 7 (Paper 2)

Single Slit Diffraction Condition

একক চিরে ফ্রনহফার অপবর্তন • Physical Optics

asin⁡θ=nλ(অবম),asin⁡θ=(2n+1)λ2(উজ্জ্বল)a \sin\theta = n\lambda \quad (\text{অবম}), \quad a \sin\theta = (2n+1)\frac{\lambda}{2} \quad (\text{উজ্জ্বল})
a sinθ = nλ (অবম), a sinθ = (2n+1)(λ)/(2) (উজ্জ্বল)

💡 Condition: Diffraction minima and secondary maxima conditions for slit width a.

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HSCChapter 7 (Paper 2)

Diffraction Grating Equation

অপবর্তন গ্রেটিং সমীকরণ • Physical Optics

(a+b)sin⁡θ=dsin⁡θ=nλ(a + b)\sin\theta = d \sin\theta = n\lambda
(a + b)sinθ = d sinθ = nλ

💡 Condition: Principal maxima condition for optical grating with grating element d = 1/N.

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HSC (Paper 2) - Chapter 8: Introduction to Modern Physics

3 Formulas
HSCChapter 8 (Paper 2)

Time Dilation & Length Contraction

কাল দীর্ঘায়ন ও দৈর্ঘ্য সংকোচন • Introduction to Modern Physics

t=t01−v2/c2,L=L01−v2c2t = \frac{t_0}{\sqrt{1 - v^2/c^2}}, \quad L = L_0 \sqrt{1 - \frac{v^2}{c^2}}
t = (t_0)/(sqrt(1 - v^2/c^2)), L = L_0 sqrt(1 - (v^2)/(c^2))

💡 Condition: Relativistic dilation of moving clock intervals and contraction of moving object lengths.

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HSCChapter 8 (Paper 2)

Relativistic Mass & Energy Equivalence

আপেক্ষিক ভর ও আইনস্টাইনের ভর-শক্তি সমীকরণ • Introduction to Modern Physics

m=m01−v2/c2,E=mc2m = \frac{m_0}{\sqrt{1 - v^2/c^2}}, \quad E = mc^2
m = (m_0)/(sqrt(1 - v^2/c^2)), E = mc^2

💡 Condition: Relativistic inertial mass variation and Einstein mass-energy equivalence.

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HSCChapter 8 (Paper 2)

Einstein's Photoelectric Equation

আইনস্টাইনের আলোক-তড়িৎ সমীকরণ • Introduction to Modern Physics

hν=W0+Kmax⁡=hν0+12mvmax⁡2=eVsh\nu = W_0 + K_{\max} = h\nu_0 + \frac{1}{2}m v_{\max}^2 = e V_s
hν = W_0 + K_max = hν_0 + (1)/(2)m v_max^2 = e V_s

💡 Condition: Energy conservation of photons ejecting electrons with work function W0 and stopping potential Vs.

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HSC (Paper 2) - Chapter 9: Atomic Models & Nuclear Physics

3 Formulas
HSCChapter 9 (Paper 2)

Bohr Orbit Radius & Energy Level

বোর মডেলের ব্যাসার্ধ ও শক্তিস্তর • Atomic Models & Nuclear Physics

rn=n2h2ε0πme2,En=−13.6n2 eVr_n = \frac{n^2 h^2 \varepsilon_0}{\pi m e^2}, \quad E_n = -\frac{13.6}{n^2}\text{ eV}
r_n = (n^2 h^2 ε0)/(π m e^2), E_n = -(13.6)/(n^2) eV

💡 Condition: Quantized orbital radius and negative energy eigenvalues in hydrogen-like atoms.

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HSCChapter 9 (Paper 2)

Radioactive Decay Law & Half-Life

তেজস্ক্রিয় ক্ষয় সূত্র ও অর্ধায়ু • Atomic Models & Nuclear Physics

N(t)=N0e−λt,T1/2=ln⁡2λ=0.693λ,τ=1λN(t) = N_0 e^{-\lambda t}, \quad T_{1/2} = \frac{\ln 2}{\lambda} = \frac{0.693}{\lambda}, \quad \tau = \frac{1}{\lambda}
N(t) = N_0 e^-λ t, T_1/2 = (ln 2)/(λ) = (0.693)/(λ), τ = (1)/(λ)

💡 Condition: Exponential decay rate of unstable radionuclides and relationship to half-life.

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HSCChapter 9 (Paper 2)

Mass Defect & Binding Energy

ভর ত্রুটি ও নিউক্লীয় বন্ধন শক্তি • Atomic Models & Nuclear Physics

Δm=[Zmp+(A−Z)mn]−Mnucleus,B.E.=Δm⋅c2=Δm×931.5 MeV\Delta m = [Z m_p + (A - Z)m_n] - M_{\text{nucleus}}, \quad B.E. = \Delta m \cdot c^2 = \Delta m \times 931.5\text{ MeV}
Δ m = [Z m_p + (A - Z)m_n] - M_nucleus, B.E. = Δ m * c^2 = Δ m * 931.5 MeV

💡 Condition: Mass defect of constituents converted to nuclear binding energy via Einstein relation.

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SSC - Chapter 1: Physical Quantities & Measurement

2 Formulas
SSCChapter 1

Vernier Constant

ভার্নিয়ার ধ্রুবক • Physical Quantities & Measurement

VC=sN\text{VC} = \frac{s}{N}
VC = (s)/(N)
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SSCChapter 1

Slide Calipers Reading

স্লাইড ক্যালিপার্স পাঠ • Physical Quantities & Measurement

L=M+(V×VC)−EL = M + (V \times \text{VC}) - E
L = M + (V * VC) - E
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SSC - Chapter 2: Motion & Kinematics

2 Formulas
SSCChapter 2

Equations of Motion

গতির সমীকরণ • Motion & Kinematics

v=u+at,s=ut+12at2,v2=u2+2asv = u + at, \quad s = ut + \frac{1}{2}at^2, \quad v^2 = u^2 + 2as
v = u + at, s = ut + (1)/(2)at^2, v^2 = u^2 + 2as
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SSCChapter 2

Max Height in Vertical Projection

খাড়া নিক্ষেপে সর্বোচ্চ উচ্চতা • Motion & Kinematics

Hmax=u22g,T=2ugH_{\text{max}} = \frac{u^2}{2g}, \quad T = \frac{2u}{g}
H_max = (u^2)/(2g), T = (2u)/(g)
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SSC - Chapter 3: Force & Momentum

3 Formulas
SSCChapter 3

Newton's Second Law

নিউটনের দ্বিতীয় সূত্র • Force & Momentum

F=m×aF = m \times a
F = m * a
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SSCChapter 3

Conservation of Momentum

ভরবেগের সংরক্ষণ সূত্র • Force & Momentum

m1u1+m2u2=m1v1+m2v2m_1 u_1 + m_2 u_2 = m_1 v_1 + m_2 v_2
m_1 u_1 + m_2 u_2 = m_1 v_1 + m_2 v_2
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SSCChapter 3

Law of Gravitation

মহাকর্ষ সূত্র • Force & Momentum

F=Gm1m2d2F = G \frac{m_1 m_2}{d^2}
F = G (m_1 m_2)/(d^2)
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SSC - Chapter 4: Work, Power & Energy

3 Formulas
SSCChapter 4

Work Formula

কাজের সাধারণ সমীকরণ • Work, Power & Energy

W=Fscos⁡(θ)W = F s \cos(\theta)
W = F s cos(θ)
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SSCChapter 4

Mechanical Energy

যান্ত্রিক শক্তি • Work, Power & Energy

Ek=12mv2,Ep=mghE_k = \frac{1}{2}mv^2, \quad E_p = mgh
E_k = (1)/(2)mv^2, E_p = mgh
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SSCChapter 4

Efficiency

কর্মদক্ষতা • Work, Power & Energy

η=(PusefulPtotal)×100%\eta = \left(\frac{P_{\text{useful}}}{P_{\text{total}}}\right) \times 100\%
η = (fracP_usefulP_total) * 100%
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SSC - Chapter 5: State of Matter & Pressure

3 Formulas
SSCChapter 5

Hydrostatic Pressure

তরলের অভ্যন্তরে চাপ • State of Matter & Pressure

P=hρgP = h \rho g
P = h ρ g
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SSCChapter 5

Pascal's Hydraulic Ratio

প্যাসকেলের সূত্র (হাইড্রলিক প্রেস) • State of Matter & Pressure

F1r12=F2r22\frac{F_1}{r_1^2} = \frac{F_2}{r_2^2}
(F_1)/(r_1^2) = (F_2)/(r_2^2)
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SSCChapter 5

Young's Modulus

ইয়ং-এর গুণাঙ্ক • State of Matter & Pressure

Y=F×LA×ΔLY = \frac{F \times L}{A \times \Delta L}
Y = (F * L)/(A * Δ L)
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SSC - Chapter 6: Effect of Heat on Matter

3 Formulas
SSCChapter 6

Temperature Scale Formula

তাপমাত্রা স্কেল রূপান্তর • Effect of Heat on Matter

C5=F−329=K−2735\frac{C}{5} = \frac{F - 32}{9} = \frac{K - 273}{5}
(C)/(5) = (F - 32)/(9) = (K - 273)/(5)
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SSCChapter 6

Sensible Heat

শোষিত/বর্জিত তাপ • Effect of Heat on Matter

Q=m×s×ΔθQ = m \times s \times \Delta\theta
Q = m * s * Δθ
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SSCChapter 6

Latent Heat

সুপ্ততাপ সমীকরণ • Effect of Heat on Matter

Q=m×LQ = m \times L
Q = m * L
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SSC - Chapter 7: Waves & Sound

3 Formulas
SSCChapter 7

Wave Speed Equation

তরঙ্গ বেগ সমীকরণ • Waves & Sound

v=f×λ,f=1Tv = f \times \lambda, \quad f = \frac{1}{T}
v = f * λ, f = (1)/(T)
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SSCChapter 7

Speed of Sound with Temp

শব্দের বেগ ও তাপমাত্রা • Waves & Sound

vθ=332+0.6×θv_\theta = 332 + 0.6 \times \theta
v_θ = 332 + 0.6 * θ
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SSCChapter 7

Minimum Echo Distance

প্রতিধ্বনির ন্যূনতম দূরত্ব • Waves & Sound

2d=v×t  ⟹  dmin=v×0.122d = v \times t \implies d_{\text{min}} = \frac{v \times 0.1}{2}
2d = v * t implies d_min = (v * 0.1)/(2)
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SSC - Chapter 8: Reflection of Light

2 Formulas
SSCChapter 8

Mirror Equation

দর্পণ সমীকরণ • Reflection of Light

1f=1u+1v\frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{u} + \frac{1}{v}
(1)/(f) = (1)/(u) + (1)/(v)
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SSCChapter 8

Linear Magnification

রৈখিক বিবর্ধন • Reflection of Light

m=−vu,∣m∣=hihom = -\frac{v}{u}, \quad |m| = \frac{h_i}{h_o}
m = -(v)/(u), |m| = (h_i)/(h_o)
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SSC - Chapter 9: Refraction of Light

3 Formulas
SSCChapter 9

Snell's Law

স্নেলের সূত্র • Refraction of Light

η1sin⁡(θ1)=η2sin⁡(θ2)\eta_1 \sin(\theta_1) = \eta_2 \sin(\theta_2)
η_1 sin(θ_1) = η_2 sin(θ_2)
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SSCChapter 9

Critical Angle

সংকট কোণ • Refraction of Light

sin⁡(θc)=ηrareηdense\sin(\theta_c) = \frac{\eta_{\text{rare}}}{\eta_{\text{dense}}}
sin(θ_c) = fracη_rareη_dense
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SSCChapter 9

Power of Lens

লেন্সের ক্ষমতা • Refraction of Light

P=1f (in meters)P = \frac{1}{f\text{ (in meters)}}
P = (1)/(f (in meters))
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SSC - Chapter 10: Static Electricity

2 Formulas
SSCChapter 10

Coulomb's Law

কুলম্বের সূত্র • Static Electricity

F=kq1q2r2F = k \frac{q_1 q_2}{r^2}
F = k (q_1 q_2)/(r^2)
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SSCChapter 10

Electric Field & Potential

তড়িৎ প্রাবল্য ও বিভব • Static Electricity

E=kQr2,V=kQrE = k \frac{Q}{r^2}, \quad V = k \frac{Q}{r}
E = k (Q)/(r^2), V = k (Q)/(r)
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SSC - Chapter 11: Current Electricity

3 Formulas
SSCChapter 11

Ohm's Law & Resistance

ওহমের সূত্র ও রোধ • Current Electricity

V=I×R,R=ρLAV = I \times R, \quad R = \rho \frac{L}{A}
V = I * R, R = ρ (L)/(A)
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SSCChapter 11

Equivalent Resistance

তুল্য রোধ সমবায় • Current Electricity

Rs=∑Ri,1Rp=∑1RiR_s = \sum R_i, \quad \frac{1}{R_p} = \sum \frac{1}{R_i}
R_s = Σ R_i, (1)/(R_p) = Σ (1)/(R_i)
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SSCChapter 11

Energy Consumption

বিদ্যুৎ শক্তির হিসাব • Current Electricity

kWh=P (W)×t (hours)1000\text{kWh} = \frac{P\text{ (W)} \times t\text{ (hours)}}{1000}
kWh = fracP (W) * t (hours)1000
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SSC - Chapter 12: Magnetic Effects of Current

1 Formulas
SSCChapter 12

Transformer Equations

ট্রান্সফরমার রূপান্তর সূত্র • Magnetic Effects of Current

VpVs=NpNs=IsIp\frac{V_p}{V_s} = \frac{N_p}{N_s} = \frac{I_s}{I_p}
(V_p)/(V_s) = (N_p)/(N_s) = (I_s)/(I_p)
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SSC - Chapter 13: Modern Physics & Electronics

2 Formulas
SSCChapter 13

Mass-Energy Equivalence

ভর-শক্তি সমীকরণ • Modern Physics & Electronics

E=m×c2E = m \times c^2
E = m * c^2
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SSCChapter 13

Radioactive Decay Law

তেজস্ক্রিয় ক্ষয় সূত্র • Modern Physics & Electronics

N(t)=N0(12)tT1/2,λ=0.693T1/2N(t) = N_0 \left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{\frac{t}{T_{1/2}}}, \quad \lambda = \frac{0.693}{T_{1/2}}
N(t) = N_0 ((1)/(2))^(t)/(T_1/2), λ = (0.693)/(T_1/2)
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❓ Physics Board Examination FAQs

Common questions on formula application and exam problem-solving rules

Q1: What are the four fundamental kinematic equations and when should each be used?

The four kinematic equations are: (1) v=u+atv = u + at (when displacement ss is missing), (2) s=ut+12at2s = ut + \frac{1}{2}at^2 (when final velocity vv is missing), (3) v2=u2+2asv^2 = u^2 + 2as (when time tt is missing), and (4) s=u+v2ts = \frac{u+v}{2}t (when acceleration aa is not specified). All apply exclusively to uniform acceleration.

Q2: When is gravitational acceleration considered positive (+) versus negative (-)?

For freely falling bodies moving downwards with gravity, g=+9.8 m/s2g = +9.8\text{ m/s}^2. For objects launched vertically upwards moving against gravity, acceleration opposes velocity, so gg is taken as negative −9.8 m/s2-9.8\text{ m/s}^2 (a=−ga = -g).

Q3: How is mechanical efficiency calculated?

Efficiency is defined as η=Useful Output PowerTotal Input Power×100%=PoutPin×100%\eta = \frac{\text{Useful Output Power}}{\text{Total Input Power}} \times 100\% = \frac{P_{out}}{P_{in}} \times 100\%. Real-world efficiency is always less than 100% due to friction and thermal dissipation.

Q4: How is household electrical energy consumption and billing computed?

Consumed electrical units (Board of Trade units) are given by E=P×t1000 kWhE = \frac{P \times t}{1000}\text{ kWh}, where PP is total power in Watts and tt is cumulative time in hours. 1 kilowatt-hour equals 1 standard electricity billing unit.
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