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NCTB Aligned14 Formulas

Biology Formulas

জীববিজ্ঞান

Biology quantitative reference covering BMI, BMR, photosynthesis, respiration energetics, and Mendelian phenotypic ratios.

Other Subjects:PhysicsChemistryGeneral MathematicsHigher MathematicsInformation & Communication Technology (ICT)Biology

HSC (Paper 1) - Chapter 1: Cell & Its Structure

1 Formulas
HSCChapter 1 (Paper 1)

Cell Surface Area to Volume Ratio

কোষ পৃষ্ঠীয় ক্ষেত্রফল ও আয়তন অনুপাত • Cell & Its Structure

Surface AreaVolume=4πr243πr3=3r\frac{\text{Surface Area}}{\text{Volume}} = \frac{4\pi r^2}{\frac{4}{3}\pi r^3} = \frac{3}{r}
fracSurface AreaVolume = (4π r^2)/(frac4)3π r^3 = (3)/(r)

💡 Condition: Explains biological limits on cell size: as radius r grows, SA/V ratio drops by 3/r.

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HSC (Paper 2) - Chapter 11: Genetics & Evolution

2 Formulas
HSCChapter 11 (Paper 2)

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Equation

হার্ডি-ওয়াইনবার্গ সাম্যাবস্থা সমীকরণ • Genetics & Evolution

p2+2pq+q2=1,p+q=1p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1, \quad p + q = 1
p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1, p + q = 1

💡 Condition: Calculates allele (p, q) and genotype frequencies (p^2, 2pq, q^2) in non-evolving populations.

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HSCChapter 11 (Paper 2)

Epistasis Modified Mendelian Ratios

এপিস্ট্যাসিস পরিবর্তিত মেন্ডেলীয় অনুপাত • Genetics & Evolution

দ্বৈত প্রচ্ছন্ন: 9:7,প্রকট এপিস্ট্যাসিস: 12:3:1,পলিজেনিক: 1:4:6:4:1\text{দ্বৈত প্রচ্ছন্ন: } 9:7, \quad \text{প্রকট এপিস্ট্যাসিস: } 12:3:1, \quad \text{পলিজেনিক: } 1:4:6:4:1
দ্বৈত প্রচ্ছন্ন: 9:7, প্রকট এপিস্ট্যাসিস: 12:3:1, পলিজেনিক: 1:4:6:4:1

💡 Condition: Modified dihybrid phenotypic cross ratios caused by gene interaction and epistasis.

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HSC (Paper 1) - Chapter 9: Plant Physiology

2 Formulas
HSCChapter 9 (Paper 1)

Respiratory Quotient (RQ)

শ্বসনিক অনুপাত বা রেস্পিরেটরি কোশেন্ট (RQ) • Plant Physiology

RQ=উৎপন্ন CO2ব্যবহৃত O2=VCO2VO2\text{RQ} = \frac{\text{উৎপন্ন } \text{CO}_2}{\text{ব্যবহৃত } \text{O}_2} = \frac{V_{\text{CO}_2}}{V_{\text{O}_2}}
RQ = fracউৎপন্ন CO_2ব্যবহৃত O_2 = fracV_CO_2V_O_2

💡 Condition: Ratio of volume of CO2 released to volume of O2 absorbed in cellular respiration.

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HSCChapter 9 (Paper 1)

Quantum Yield of Photosynthesis

সালোকসংশ্লেষণের কোয়ান্টাম ইল্ড • Plant Physiology

Φ=উৎপন্ন O2 অণুশোষিত ফোটন সংখ্যা=18≈12.5%\Phi = \frac{\text{উৎপন্ন } \text{O}_2 \text{ অণু}}{\text{শোষিত ফোটন সংখ্যা}} = \frac{1}{8} \approx 12.5\%
Phi = fracউৎপন্ন O_2 অণুশোষিত ফোটন সংখ্যা = (1)/(8) approx 12.5%

💡 Condition: Number of oxygen molecules evolved per photon absorbed in photosynthetic photochemical reactions.

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HSC (Paper 2) - Chapter 4: Human Physiology: Circulation

1 Formulas
HSCChapter 4 (Paper 2)

Cardiac Output Formula

হৃদপিণ্ডের কার্ডিয়াক আউটপুট সূত্র • Human Physiology: Circulation

CO=SV×HR=70 mL×72/min≈5040 mL/min=5.04 L/min\text{CO} = \text{SV} \times \text{HR} = 70\text{ mL} \times 72/\text{min} \approx 5040\text{ mL/min} = 5.04\text{ L/min}
CO = SV * HR = 70 mL * 72/min approx 5040 mL/min = 5.04 L/min

💡 Condition: Total volume of blood pumped by the ventricles per minute as product of Stroke Volume and Heart Rate.

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HSC (Paper 2) - Chapter 6: Human Physiology: Excretion & Osmoregulation

1 Formulas
HSCChapter 6 (Paper 2)

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

গ্লোমেরুলার পরিস্রাবণ হার (GFR) ও ফিল্ট্রেশন ভগ্নাংশ • Human Physiology: Excretion & Osmoregulation

GFR≈125 mL/min=180 L/day,FF=GFRRPF≈20%\text{GFR} \approx 125\text{ mL/min} = 180\text{ L/day}, \quad \text{FF} = \frac{\text{GFR}}{\text{RPF}} \approx 20\%
GFR approx 125 mL/min = 180 L/day, FF = fracGFRRPF approx 20%

💡 Condition: Volume of ultrafiltrate formed each minute by kidney glomeruli and filtration fraction of renal plasma.

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SSC - Chapter 4: Bioenergetics (Respiration ATP Balance Sheet)

1 Formulas
SSCChapter 4

Aerobic Respiration Equation

সবাত শ্বসন সমীকরণ • Bioenergetics (Respiration ATP Balance Sheet)

C6H12O6+6O2⟶6CO2+6H2O+38ATP  (277.4 kcal)\text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 + 6\text{O}_2 \longrightarrow 6\text{CO}_2 + 6\text{H}_2\text{O} + 38\text{ATP} \; (277.4\text{ kcal})
C_6H_12O_6 + 6O_2 longrightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 38ATP ; (277.4 kcal)
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SSC - Chapter 5: Food, Nutrition and Digestion (BMI & BMR)

3 Formulas
SSCChapter 5

Body Mass Index Formula

দেহ ভর সূচি (BMI) • Food, Nutrition and Digestion (BMI & BMR)

BMI=Weight (kg)[Height (m)]2\text{BMI} = \frac{\text{Weight (kg)}}{[\text{Height (m)}]^2}
BMI = fracWeight (kg)[Height (m)]^2
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SSCChapter 5

Male BMR Formula

পুরুষ BMR সূত্র • Food, Nutrition and Digestion (BMI & BMR)

BMRMale=66+(13.7×W)+(5×H)−(6.8×A)\text{BMR}_{\text{Male}} = 66 + (13.7 \times W) + (5 \times H) - (6.8 \times A)
BMR_Male = 66 + (13.7 * W) + (5 * H) - (6.8 * A)
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SSCChapter 5

Female BMR Formula

নারী BMR সূত্র • Food, Nutrition and Digestion (BMI & BMR)

BMRFemale=655+(9.6×W)+(1.8×H)−(4.7×A)\text{BMR}_{\text{Female}} = 655 + (9.6 \times W) + (1.8 \times H) - (4.7 \times A)
BMR_Female = 655 + (9.6 * W) + (1.8 * H) - (4.7 * A)
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SSC - Chapter 12: Heredity & Evolution (Punnett Squares & Color Blindness)

2 Formulas
SSCChapter 12

Mendelian Phenotypic Ratio

মেন্ডেলীয় ফিনোটাইপিক অনুপাত • Heredity & Evolution (Punnett Squares & Color Blindness)

3 প্রকট (Dominant):1 প্রচ্ছন্ন (Recessive)3\text{ প্রকট (Dominant)} : 1\text{ প্রচ্ছন্ন (Recessive)}
3 প্রকট (Dominant) : 1 প্রচ্ছন্ন (Recessive)
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SSCChapter 12

Mendelian Genotypic Ratio

মেন্ডেলীয় জিনোটাইপিক অনুপাত • Heredity & Evolution (Punnett Squares & Color Blindness)

1 TT:2 Tt:1 tt1\,TT : 2\,Tt : 1\,tt
1,TT : 2,Tt : 1,tt
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SSC - Chapter 13: Environment of Life (Lindeman’s 10% Law)

1 Formulas
SSCChapter 13

Lindeman's Efficiency Law

লিণ্ডেম্যানের শক্তি রূপান্তর সূত্র • Environment of Life (Lindeman’s 10% Law)

En+1=En×0.10E_{n+1} = E_n \times 0.10
E_n+1 = E_n * 0.10
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❓ Biology Board Examination FAQs

Common questions on formula application and exam problem-solving rules

Q1: What is the Body Mass Index (BMI) formula and healthy range?

BMI=Weight (kg)(Height (m))2\text{BMI} = \frac{\text{Weight (kg)}}{(\text{Height (m)})^2}. A BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 denotes normal weight. ≥25\ge 25 indicates overweight, and ≥30\ge 30 denotes clinical obesity.

Q2: What is the overall chemical equation of oxygenic photosynthesis?

The balanced equation is 6CO2+12H2O→chlorophylllightC6H12O6+6H2O+6O26\text{CO}_2 + 12\text{H}_2\text{O} \xrightarrow[\text{chlorophyll}]{\text{light}} \text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 + 6\text{H}_2\text{O} + 6\text{O}_2, converting solar energy into stable chemical bonds.

Q3: How many ATP molecules are generated from aerobic respiration of 1 glucose molecule?

Complete aerobic oxidation yields a net of 30 to 32 ATP molecules (historically stated as 38 ATP in older textbooks) and approximately 686 kcal of free energy.

Q4: What are the Mendelian monohybrid and dihybrid cross ratios?

Mendel's First Law (monohybrid) yields a 3:1 phenotypic ratio (1:2:1 genotypic). Mendel's Second Law (dihybrid) yields a 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation.
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