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Information & Communication Technology (ICT)NCTB HSC ICT Chapter 5C Programming LanguageDry-Run Memory Tracing

C Programming Code Simulator & Memory Tracer

Interactive in-browser C code runner with bidirectional step-by-step variable memory tracing (RAM stack), terminal I/O, and board exam dry-run worksheets.

CalculatorFormulasExemplarsCasio fx-991ApplicationsFAQ
C Preset:
Input n:
1 / 34
main.c (ANSI C99)Line: 4
1#include <stdio.h>
2
3int main() {
4 int n = 6;CURRENT
5 int a = 0, b = 1, next, i;
6
7 printf("Fibonacci Series:\n");
8 for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
9 printf("%d ", a);
10 next = a + b;
11 a = b;
12 b = next;
13 }
14 return 0;
15}
Action:Initializes n = 6

Variable Memory (RAM)

Live Stack
nint
6
Standard Output (stdout)printf console
// No output yet...

Formula & Derivation

Theoretical foundation, dimensional analysis, and governing boundary conditions.

Program Execution Architecture & Variable Tracing

In procedural programming, each line of code manipulates memory registers in sequence. Dry-run worksheets structure execution state into 4 critical pillars:

For Loop Anatomy:

1. Initialization (i = 1)

2. Condition evaluation (i <= n)

3. Body execution

4. Iteration step (i++)

Worksheet Columns:

Step # • Line # • Variables in RAM • Console Output

Solved Textbook Examples

Three fully worked pedagogical exemplars: standard textbook, advanced edge-case, and authentic past board examination.

Foundational Loop Conceptbg-emerald-500/10 text-emerald-400 border border-emerald-500/20
Determine how many times the loop for(i = 1; i <= 5; i++) iterates and find the final value of variable i.
Given Parameters:
  • Initial: i = 1
  • Condition: i <= 5
  • Step: i++
Procedural Solution:
Executes when i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (condition true).
After the 5th iteration, i increments to 6.
The check 6 <= 5 evaluates false, terminating the loop.
Final Answer:5 iterations; final value of i is 6.
Board Exam Standardbg-cyan-500/10 text-cyan-400 border border-cyan-500/20
Trace the algorithm to check whether an integer n = 7 is prime using trial division up to n/2.
Given Parameters:
  • Target number: n = 7
  • Divisors checked: 2 to 3
Procedural Solution:
7 % 2 = 1 (not divisible).
7 % 3 = 1 (not divisible).
No integer factor found; the isPrime flag remains 1.
Final Answer:n = 7 is a Prime Number.
Series Accumulation & Memorybg-purple-500/10 text-purple-400 border border-purple-500/20
Trace the step-by-step memory updates for calculating the first 6 terms of the Fibonacci series.
Given Parameters:
  • a = 0, b = 1, n = 6
Procedural Solution:
Step 1: Term 0, next = 1, a=1, b=1
Step 2: Term 1, next = 2, a=1, b=2
Step 3: Term 1, next = 3, a=2, b=3
Step 4: Term 2, next = 5, a=3, b=5
Step 5: Term 3, Step 6: Term 5
Final Answer:Output sequence: 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5

Board Exam & Laboratory Checklist

✓ একক রূপান্তর (SI Units)Convert all inputs to SI units prior to calculation.
✓ সূত্র ও পক্ষান্তর উল্লেখExplicitly isolate target variable before substitution.
✓ তাৎপর্যপূর্ণ অঙ্ক ও রাউন্ডিংPreserve required precision without premature truncation.

Practical Applications

How this scientific principle drives chemical engineering, aerospace, medicine, and research.

C is the bedrock language behind high-performance operating system kernels (Linux, macOS, Windows), relational database internals, robotic microcontrollers, and real-time graphics engines. Understanding variable memory allocation equips students with foundational algorithmic clarity.

Frequently Asked Questions

Answers to common conceptual misconceptions and board examination guidelines.

What is dry-running a computer program?▼
A dry run is a manual step-by-step tracing of source code on paper or in a table to track variable states without executing on an actual computer compiler. It is a core requirement in secondary computer science board exams.
How do while and do-while loops differ?▼
A while loop is entry-controlled (tests condition before the first iteration). A do-while loop is exit-controlled and guarantees at least one execution of the loop body.
What does the break statement do inside a loop?▼
break immediately halts loop execution and transfers program control to the statement following the loop.